Silk-dyeing.



called a jetting agent.

" sult desired @TED stares SIGIVIOND SAXE, OF HIEW YORK, N/Y.

SILK-DYTJING.

1% Drawing.

To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that I, SIGMOND Sens, citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Silk Dyeing oi? which the following is specification.

This invention relates to silk dyeing; and it comprises a method of weighting silk and toning the colors of dyed silk, and particularly to jetting lolack silks, Where silk is preliminarily dyed and is then worked in a strong decoction of the wood of Osage oranu'e (illaclnm mimetic/ca) to which. may he added a 5111i! ll amount of tin crystals, the silk being thereafter inordanted and dyed; all more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

In the d yeing and weighting of silk many substances have been proposed and use 5 and to some extent these additions have also been employed for the purpose of correcting 'tlr tone or hue of the dye; this being par ticulai-ly the ease in securing jet blacks. One of the materials which is extensively used for the combined plll'PUSQ of weightino and toning what is knowuas gambler or cutch. Gambler add" somewhat to the weight of the silk and in the ca e of hlack-dyed silks it brings the tone oi: the black nearer the jet black desired. It is therefore sometimes Gamhier u ed alone ves the silk a brown color and in combination with dyes giving a blue black, the result is nearly, but not exactly, a jet hla ck. It gives only approximately the r Gainloier is however an undesirable material for dyeing purposes in many other respects, being a very crude material containing much dirt and of an irregular quality. Ordinary or common gambler, which is the grade used by the silk trade, is usually sold without guarantee and without analysis.

I have found that if I replace the garnbier in "the ordinary silk dyeing operations with an extract of ()sage orange (M (102 mm! mum latices) ,1 I secure much more uniform and definite results and in addition it secure hotter dyeing and Weighting efiects. An Gsage orange extract may be substituted for gambl r with good results in producing other dyes than blacks; but its advantages are most apparent in making jet blacks.

The Osage orange is a shrub or small tree, indigenous'to this country and cnltivatedto Specification oil-otters Patent.

Application filed August 1-8, 193.2, Serial Ito. 186,543.

Patented Apr. 163, 191%.

some extent for hedge purposes. It has practically no other utility. I have found that by extracting the wood With Water, I can make an extract rich in tannin and dyeing a yellow color. I may make this extract in a diilusion apparatus or in other well known ways. Ordinarily I thereafter concentrate the extract to a relatively high density in ma-n0 or in other ways. Usually, I. concentrate it to the density of about 51 Twaddell to make a commercial preparation.

ll use this Osage orange extract in dyeing silk. In and of itself it gives the silk a yellow color and adds to the weight of the silk. Ordinarily, however, it do not use it alone as a dycstutl', but employ it in conjunction with. other materials.

In one specific embodiment of my invention in weighting and in black-dyeing silk I first work th silk in a bath of nitrate of ironand treat with lj'erroeyanid or the like to produce a blue (Prussian blue). After this, ll work the silk in a strong extract of (lsage orange, say, the extract of about the 51 'iuaddell strength before mentioned. To this extract may, or may not, add a small amount of tin crystals. The silk alosol-es a largeainount of solid matter from the solution and is Weighted about per cent. After this, X add pyrolignite of iron or nitrate of iron and dye in the usual. man-- nor to produce a black. Because of the tone imparted by the matters contained in the Osage orange extract, this final black will he a jet black and because of the superior weighting 'iroperties of Usage orange the silk will beef a better incrchantalole weight I find that about two-thirds of a pound of tlsage orange extract of 51 Twaddell will produce about the same weighting and dyeing efi'ect a pound of gar lhier as gambler runs. As stated gambler is a very irregular mat 'al, butin a general Way the above relation may be said to exist. The black pro duced however is much better than that obtained with gamhier. The results also are much more uniform, it being possible to reproduce exactly the same shades; While this is not possible where different lots of ordinary gambier are employed.

The 51 Osage orange extract referred to gives an analysis showing about 5 per cent. water to 55 per cent. total solids; practically all or this solid matter being in solution. this amount some 39 cent. responds to the tests ,ioi' tan nin and about 12 per cent. is silk a jet black which comprises mordantwhat-nmy be called soluble non-tannins. ing and dyeing such silk, working in e W hat I claim is strong extract of Usage orange and there 1 1. The process of dyeing and weighting after completing the black-dyeing. 5 silk which comprises treating such silk with In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature. a, strong extract of wood of Osage orange. 1 2. The process of dyeing and weighting SIGMOND SAXE. 

